ACUTE TOXICITY AND HAEMATOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ETHANOL BARK EXTRACTS OF Entandrophragma utile (DAWE & SPRAGUE) SPRAGUE AND E. angolense (WELW.) C.D.C. IN MALE MICE

Authors

  • OE Majebi Department of General Studies, Federal Cooperative College, P.M.B. 5033, Eleyele, Ibadan 200284, Oyo, Nigeria
  • OY Ogunsanwo Department of Forest Production and Products, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
  • IO Lawal Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Biomedicinal Research Centre, Jericho Hill. Ibadan 5054. Oyo State, Nigeria. Ibadan 200272
  • TO Elufioye Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

Keywords:

Acute toxicity, Entandrophragma utile, Entandrophragma angolense, haematology, histopathology, mice

Abstract

Background: Entandrophragma utile and E. angolense are traditionally used medicinal plants in Africa, yet their acute toxicity profiles remain underexplored.

Objectives: This study investigated the acute toxicity and haematological and histopathological effects of ethanol bark extracts of E. utile and E. angolense in male mice.

Method: Fifty adult male mice were allocated into five groups per extract. While the control group received normal saline, treatment groups were orally administered increasing doses (200–1600 mg/kg) of each plant extract for 14 days. Parameters assessed included body weight, haematology, liver histology, and mortality to calculate the median lethal dose (LD₅₀).

Results: The LD₅₀ values were 2754.23 mg/kg for E. utile and 1862.1 mg/kg for E. angolense, indicating a higher toxicity potential for the latter. Haematological analysis revealed dose-dependent reductions in packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb), particularly with E. angolense. Liver histology showed mild changes at low doses but significant hepatic congestion and necrosis at higher concentrations, especially in E. angolense-treated groups.

Conclusion: Both extracts exhibited dose-dependent haematological and hepatic effects. While relatively safe at low doses, high concentrations pose hepatotoxic risks, emphasizing the need for controlled therapeutic use.

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Published

2025-07-04

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025)

Section

Articles

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